{"id":3959,"date":"2024-03-15T14:49:46","date_gmt":"2024-03-15T14:49:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/?p=3959"},"modified":"2026-10-23T08:34:18","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T08:34:18","slug":"which-companies-must-follow-poland-whistleblower-act","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/publikacje\/which-companies-must-follow-poland-whistleblower-act\/","title":{"rendered":"Which Companies Must Follow Poland\u2019s Whistleblower Act?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>If your company meets any of the conditions outlined above, you must implement an internal reporting procedure.<\/p>\n<p>We have written <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/?p=3951\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/a> about the specific duties employers have to protect whistleblowers.<\/p>\n<h2>Who is a whistleblower?<\/h2>\n<p>A whistleblower is a person who <strong>reports or publicly discloses information about a legal violation in a work-related context or in connection with their work for or cooperation with a company<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/?p=3958\"><strong>The range of people who may qualify is very broad<\/strong><\/a>. A whistleblower may be:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>an employee;<\/li>\n<li>a contractor, including a B2B contractor or someone working under a service contract;<\/li>\n<li>a shareholder or equity holder;<\/li>\n<li>a counterparty;<\/li>\n<li>a member of the management board or supervisory board.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Internal reports: what they mean for employers<\/h3>\n<p>From an employer\u2019s perspective, internal reports are especially important: they are made within the company rather than, for example, directly to the prosecutor\u2019s office. A whistleblower is a person connected with your company who internally reports irregularities or <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/?p=3950\"><strong>violations of the law<\/strong><\/a> they have noticed in the organization.<\/p>\n<p>Our article on how to receive and verify reports explains the employer\u2019s side of managing a report.<\/p>\n<h2>Which companies does the Whistleblower Protection Act cover?<\/h2>\n<p>Companies must enable whistleblowers to make reports. You cannot organize the process however you like: the Act sets out rules you must implement to enable reports of irregularities. It also sets out protections against retaliation by the employer or other people in the company.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Act is not optional<\/strong>: if your company meets the specified conditions, you must implement the <a href=\"https:\/\/sipbiznes.com\/sygnalisci\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Whistleblower Support Program<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>How to count 50 people under the Whistleblower Protection Act<\/h2>\n<p>Before the final draft of the Act was published, there was uncertainty about whether the 50-person threshold counted only employees under employment contracts or also people working under B2B, service or specific-task contracts. The difference can be substantial: some companies \u201cemploy\u201d hundreds of people exclusively on invoices.<\/p>\n<p>The legislature clarified this in the final provisions.<\/p>\n<h3>Who counts toward the 50-person threshold?<\/h3>\n<p>The threshold includes employees under employment contracts and people providing work under:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Appointment (powo\u0142anie)<\/strong>: this does not mean a resolution appointing a company president or board member. Appointment to a position includes, among others:\n<ul>\n<li>a director or deputy director at a state-owned enterprise;<\/li>\n<li>directors of cultural institutions;<\/li>\n<li>a municipal or county secretary or treasurer;<\/li>\n<li>a national park director.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Election (wyb\u00f3r)<\/strong>: applies to people holding leadership positions in social, political and trade union organizations, such as a regional marshal, county head or commune head.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Appointment to public service (mianowanie)<\/strong>: an employment relationship established, for example, in the civil service, with public-school teachers or academic teachers. Public schools and higher-education institutions must implement a whistleblower protection system if they employ at least 50 people, including appointed teachers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A cooperative employment agreement<\/strong>: where a cooperative employs one of its members.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A service contract or B2B cooperation agreement<\/strong>: only if the person performs the work personally for the employer, meaning they do not hire someone else to do it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Who is covered: summary of the 50-person threshold<\/h3>\n<p>In addition to companies with more than 50 employees under employment contracts, the following must also implement a whistleblower protection system, among others:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>public schools;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>higher-education institutions;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>housing cooperatives;<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>public entities<\/strong>, including communes, cultural centers and national parks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This applies if they employ at least 50 people in the forms listed above.<\/p>\n<h2>Who must implement the Whistleblower Protection Act regardless of workforce size?<\/h2>\n<p>There are exceptions to the 50-person rule. The Act lists entities that must implement whistleblower provisions even if they have fewer than 50 employees.<\/p>\n<p>The 50-person threshold does not apply to entities operating in financial services, products and markets; anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing; transport safety; and environmental protection, where they are covered by EU legal acts listed in Parts I.B and II of the Annex to Directive 2019\/1937.<\/p>\n<h3>Which companies must implement the rules regardless of workforce size?<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>Entities that provide credit, including consumer credit, mortgage credit, factoring and forfaiting.<\/li>\n<li>Non-bank financial institutions.<\/li>\n<li>Leasing providers.<\/li>\n<li>Insurance distributors.<\/li>\n<li>Entities providing financial services or trading securities and money-market instruments.<\/li>\n<li>Investment funds.<\/li>\n<li>Audit firms.<\/li>\n<li>Entities advising businesses on capital structure or industrial strategy, and providing advice and services on mergers and acquisitions.<\/li>\n<li>Banks and all entities providing banking services.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Whistleblowers and AML-obliged institutions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>All obliged institutions<\/strong> under the Act on Counteracting Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing must also implement the Whistleblower Protection Act. A detailed list is available <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/publikacje\/who-must-implement-aml-poland\/\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Common types of businesses covered by this obligation<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Accountants<\/strong> and <strong>all accounting firms<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Real estate<\/strong> <strong>intermediaries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lawyers<\/strong>: advocates, legal advisers and notaries.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Currency exchanges<\/strong> and <strong>cryptocurrency exchanges<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>All entities<\/strong>, including companies and foundations, that accept cash payments of <strong>EUR 10,000 or more<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There are therefore many businesses and entities, beyond employers with 50 or more people, that must implement the whistleblower rules.<\/p>\n<h2>Who is not covered by the Whistleblower Protection Act?<\/h2>\n<p>The Act provides for three categories of exclusion:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Entities that do not meet the conditions<\/strong>: if you employ fewer than 50 people and do not operate in a sector covered regardless of workforce size, the Act does not apply to you.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Municipal or county organizational units<\/strong> with fewer than 10,000 residents.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Information protected by professional secrecy<\/strong> connected with medical and legal professions. This does not mean hospitals or large law firms are exempt from implementing the Act; on the contrary, it means only that the whistleblower reporting and protection system does not apply to these specific categories of information.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>There are few exceptions. If you employ at least 50 people or meet any of the conditions described above, your company most likely had to implement the whistleblower rules.<\/p>\n<h2>Duty to implement the Whistleblower Protection Act: summary<\/h2>\n<p>The whistleblower protection provisions cover thousands of companies and entities.<\/p>\n<h3>What if the Act does not apply to you, but you want to introduce a procedure voluntarily?<\/h3>\n<p>You may do so. The Act does not prevent you from voluntarily adopting an internal reporting procedure. However, if you decide to implement one, you must follow the Act\u2019s provisions.<\/p>\n<p>Why implement it in a company that is not required to? We wrote about the goals and benefits of whistleblower protection <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/publikacje\/sygnalista-w-firmie-jak-wdrozyc-dyrektywe-o-sygnalistach\/\"><strong>here<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>What should you do now?<\/h3>\n<p>If you want to learn more about whistleblowers or need help implementing whistleblower protections, contact us. We will be happy to help.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Does my company have to implement a whistleblower procedure if it employs fewer than 50 people?<\/strong> If you employ fewer than 50 people but operate in the financial sector, are an AML-obliged institution, such as an accounting firm, real estate agent or currency or cryptocurrency exchange, or accept cash payments of EUR 10,000 or more, you must implement the provisions regardless of workforce size. If none of these conditions applies and you employ fewer than 50 people, the Act does not formally apply to your company.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How is the 50-person threshold counted under the Whistleblower Protection Act? Are B2B contractors and service-contract workers included?<\/strong> Yes. The threshold includes not only employees under employment contracts but also people working under service contracts and B2B arrangements, provided they personally perform work for you and do not hire someone else to do it. It also includes people working by appointment, election, appointment to public service and under cooperative employment agreements.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Who can be a whistleblower in a company?<\/strong> Any person connected with your company who reports a legal violation in a work-related context may be a whistleblower, not only a permanent employee. The list includes employees, B2B and service-contract contractors, shareholders, equity holders, counterparties, and members of the management or supervisory board.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Which companies must implement the Whistleblower Protection Act regardless of workforce size?<\/strong> Regardless of workforce size, the duty covers entities in financial services and markets, including credit providers, leasing providers, banks, investment funds, audit firms and insurance distributors, as well as all AML-obliged institutions. These include accounting firms, real estate agents, currency and cryptocurrency exchanges, lawyers and entities accepting cash payments of EUR 10,000 or more.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Can a company voluntarily implement an internal reporting procedure if the Act does not formally apply to it?<\/strong> Yes. The Act does not prevent voluntary implementation of an internal reporting procedure. However, if you choose to implement one, you must follow the Act\u2019s provisions; you cannot create an arbitrary model of your own.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A guide to the 50-person threshold, counted work arrangements, sectors without a threshold and limited circumstances in which the Act does not apply.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1919,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","sip_alt_url":"","sip_en_pl_url":"","sip_pair_uuid":"","sip_pair_state":""},"categories":[1580],"tags":[1448,1528,1532],"specialization":[1207],"practice_area":[],"class_list":["post-3959","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-compliance","tag-compliance","tag-labor-law","tag-whistleblowers","specialization-compliance"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3959"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4104,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3959\/revisions\/4104"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3959"},{"taxonomy":"specialization","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/specialization?post=3959"},{"taxonomy":"practice_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/practice_area?post=3959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}