{"id":2810,"date":"2026-10-16T12:17:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-16T12:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/?p=2810"},"modified":"2026-10-16T12:18:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T12:18:11","slug":"recovering-debt-former-franchise-partner-poland","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/recovering-debt-former-franchise-partner-poland\/","title":{"rendered":"Recovering Debt From a Former Franchise Partner in Poland\u2014Without Creating New Liabilities"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>Recovering Debt From a Former Franchise Partner in Poland\u2014Without Creating New Liabilities<\/h1>\n<p>A former partner closes an outlet while owing your network money. You have an acknowledged balance, potential contractual penalties, staffing costs, customer refunds, and a blank promissory note. It may be tempting to add every item together and demand the maximum.<\/p>\n<p>That approach can undermine otherwise valid claims. A penalty charged separately for every customer served outside the network\u2019s system may be reduced by a Polish court, potentially affecting the penalty claim as a whole. Meanwhile, customers of the closed outlet are contacting head office. An inaccurate customer-service response could create a liability risk greater than the partner\u2019s debt.<\/p>\n<p>For a business operating a franchise, agency, or partner network in Poland, the task has two parts: build a defensible claim against the former partner, and communicate with customers without suggesting that the network assumed the partner\u2019s obligations.<\/p>\n<h2>Polish legal concepts you need to know<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Contractual penalty (<em>kara umowna<\/em>).<\/strong> An agreed amount payable for failure to perform, or improper performance of, a <strong>non-monetary<\/strong> obligation. Articles 483\u2013484 of the Polish Civil Code govern these penalties. They cannot be charged for failure to pay money; for an unpaid monetary obligation, the claim is for the principal and applicable interest.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Judicial reduction of a contractual penalty (<em>miarkowanie<\/em>).<\/strong> Under Article 484 \u00a7 2 of the Civil Code, a court may reduce a penalty that is grossly excessive or where the obligation has been substantially performed. The debtor must request the reduction; the court does not apply it on its own initiative.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Blank promissory note (<em>weksel in blanco<\/em>).<\/strong> A promissory note issued with an element, such as the amount, left incomplete. The creditor is authorized to complete it under a separate declaration. It secures an underlying claim rather than creating an additional, independent debt.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Promissory note declaration (<em>deklaracja wekslowa<\/em>).<\/strong> The agreement specifying when the creditor may complete the note and up to what amount. Its scope limits what can be pursued using the note.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Order-for-payment proceedings (<em>post\u0119powanie nakazowe<\/em>).<\/strong> A Polish procedure in which a court may issue an order for payment on the basis of a document, such as a promissory note, without first holding a hearing. It can be faster and cheaper than ordinary litigation, but the formal requirements of Article 485 \u00a7 2 of the Polish Code of Civil Procedure must be met.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Franchise agreement.<\/strong> Franchise remains an <em>innominate contract<\/em> in Poland: it is not governed by a dedicated statutory contract type, but is based on freedom of contract under Article 353\u00b9 of the Civil Code. The franchisee operates in its own name, on its own account, and at its own risk while using the franchisor\u2019s brand and know-how. The draft Civil Code amendment approved by the Council of Ministers in December 2023 had not been enacted as of the article\u2019s publication (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/sprawiedliwosc\/rada-ministrow-przyjela-projekt-przepisow-dotyczacych-franczyzy\">Polish government information<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Five rules for settling accounts with a former franchisee<\/h2>\n<h3>1. Separate the claims by legal basis<\/h3>\n<p>The former partner\u2019s debt is not one undifferentiated amount. Each component needs its own legal basis, evidence, and route to recovery.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Claim<\/th>\n<th>Basis and evidence<\/th>\n<th>Route to recovery<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Amount acknowledged in an agreement<\/td>\n<td>The debtor has acknowledged both the basis and amount. This is generally the strongest, essentially undisputed item.<\/td>\n<td>Ordinary proceedings, or order-for-payment proceedings if covered by the promissory note.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Contractual penalties<\/td>\n<td>Articles 483\u2013484 of the Civil Code and the specific contract clause. You must establish the breach and its connection to the penalty; this is the most vulnerable category.<\/td>\n<td>Ordinarily pursued in litigation, with a risk of judicial reduction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Replacement-staff costs<\/td>\n<td>Damages under Article 471 of the Civil Code. You must show the loss and causal link.<\/td>\n<td>Ordinary proceedings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Refunds paid to the partner\u2019s customers<\/td>\n<td>Damages under Article 471 of the Civil Code. Each refund needs documentation.<\/td>\n<td>Ordinary proceedings.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Break the proposed demand into these four categories before sending it. Assign each item to its basis and supporting documents. If the calculation is inconsistent, a court may question the credibility of the entire claim, including items that were correctly calculated.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Treat the business spreadsheet as evidence to check\u2014not the final demand<\/h3>\n<p>An operations or finance spreadsheet is a starting point, not a ready-to-file calculation.<\/p>\n<p>In the matter analyzed for the source article, the spreadsheet incorrectly totaled 13 individually listed customer refunds. The correct total was more than twice the stated amount. Using the incorrect total in a demand would have left part of the claim out; discovering the error in court would have cast doubt on the whole schedule.<\/p>\n<p>Before issuing a demand:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Recalculate every total, item by item, independently of the spreadsheet.<\/li>\n<li>Check whether each amount is already included in the balance acknowledged under an agreement. Claiming the same item twice damages credibility.<\/li>\n<li>Set a cut-off date. State the amounts established when the demand is prepared; add later items in a subsequent letter or the court claim.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>3. Charge for the documented practice, not automatically for each customer<\/h3>\n<p>Suppose the partner accepted payments through a private terminal outside the network\u2019s system. Charging a separate contractual penalty for every affected customer can multiply the demand far beyond the loss and invite a request to reduce it under Article 484 \u00a7 2 of the Civil Code.<\/p>\n<p>That reduction may affect the contractual-penalty claim as a whole, including a portion calculated correctly. In the case identified in the source as <a href=\"https:\/\/orzeczenia.ms.gov.pl\/content\/$N\/151500000002503_V_AGa_000383_2023_Uz_2025-06-16_003\">I AGa 155\/18<\/a>, the court reduced the penalty to 50% of the amount charged. There is no statutory percentage threshold; a court may reduce it further.<\/p>\n<p>Check three additional risks:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Penalizing the same event twice.<\/strong> \u201cFailure to record a visit in the system\u201d and \u201csale outside the system\u201d may describe the same conduct. Applying two clauses to that one event invites an objection that it has been penalized twice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>No link to a penalty clause.<\/strong> An obligation such as maintaining accurate customer records, without a direct reference to a contractual penalty, does not itself support charging that penalty. An additional trigger\u2014such as obstructing an inspection or breaching a data processing agreement\u2014would be needed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Penalizing non-payment.<\/strong> Missed payment installments are monetary obligations. Pursue the principal and statutory interest for late payment, not a contractual penalty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In the matter analyzed, the cautious calculation was <strong>2 \u00d7 PLN 20,000 = PLN 40,000<\/strong>; the broader one was <strong>3 \u00d7 PLN 20,000 = PLN 60,000<\/strong>. The difference equaled half the value of the second demand. The recommended starting point was the cautious calculation, with the right to charge further penalties expressly reserved.<\/p>\n<h3>4. Use the promissory note as security, not as a guarantee of recovery<\/h3>\n<p>A blank promissory note with a <strong>PLN 120,000<\/strong> limit does not create a separate claim. It may provide access to faster, cheaper <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/publikacje\/postepowanie-gospodarcze-co-musisz-wiedziec\/\">order-for-payment proceedings<\/a> under Article 485 \u00a7 2 of the Code of Civil Procedure\u2014but only within the promissory note declaration\u2019s scope.<\/p>\n<p>Before completing the note, confirm:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Categories:<\/strong> Does the declaration cover every claim you intend to include\u2014fees, penalties, and damages? An item outside its scope cannot be pursued through the note in order-for-payment proceedings.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Amount:<\/strong> Is the amount entered within the declaration\u2019s limit?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Original documents:<\/strong> Do you hold the original note and declaration needed for the application?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>If the debtor objects to an order for payment, the court examines the underlying relationship. The defendant may argue that the claim never arose, has been extinguished, or exceeds the declaration\u2019s scope. Completing the note contrary to the declaration is an effective defense (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sn.pl\/sites\/orzecznictwo\/orzeczenia3\/iv%20csk%20465-17-1.pdf\">Polish Supreme Court, IV CSK 465\/17<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bankruptcy is a separate risk.<\/strong> A former entrepreneur may apply for personal bankruptcy without waiting a year after removal from the business register, under Article 491\u00b9 et seq. of the <a href=\"https:\/\/isap.sejm.gov.pl\/isap.nsf\/download.xsp\/WDU20240000794\/T\/D20240794L.pdf\">Polish Bankruptcy Law, Journal of Laws 2024, item 794<\/a>. Liabilities from the former business, including contractual penalties and damages, may enter those proceedings and be discharged. A promissory note does not give the creditor a privileged source of recovery outside the bankruptcy estate.<\/p>\n<p>Where bankruptcy is a genuine concern, consider seeking interim security for the claim alongside the lawsuit under Article 730 \u00a7 1\u20132 of the Code of Civil Procedure. You must make the claim and your legal interest sufficiently plausible. Relevant circumstances may include stopped payments, disposal of assets, or reduced operations (<a href=\"https:\/\/orzeczenia.ms.gov.pl\/content\/$N\/151005000004027_VIII_GCo_000064_2023_Uz_2023-03-16_002\">order VIII GCo 64\/23<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3>5. Put a cut-off date in the demand<\/h3>\n<p>Customer reports may continue for six months after an outlet closes, while replacement-staff costs keep rising. Repeated demands with changing totals can make the claim look uncontrolled.<\/p>\n<p>The demand should:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>State a cut-off date and identify the amounts established as of its preparation.<\/li>\n<li>Reserve expressly identified future claims, such as settlement for services omitted from the schedule, later customer refunds and reports, an inspection fee, and further contractual penalties.<\/li>\n<li>Set a payment deadline, after which court proceedings can follow if payment is not made.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>The second risk: customers of the closed outlet<\/h2>\n<p>Debt recovery and customer communication must be managed separately. A customer-service response can undermine the network\u2019s position even if its claim against the former partner is sound.<\/p>\n<h3>Establish who contracted with customers<\/h3>\n<p>In the franchise arrangement described here, the franchisee\u2014not the network\u2014contracted with customers in its own name, on its own account, and at its own risk. Receipts, invoices, and sales terms should identify it as the seller.<\/p>\n<p>Customers, however, see the brand and contact head office. If a response suggests that the network contracted with them or supervised delivery of the services, a consumer ombudsman or Poland\u2019s Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) may interpret it as an admission of responsibility. Article 5(1) and Article 5(3)(2) of the Polish Act on Counteracting Unfair Market Practices may be relevant to an administrative assessment of whether consumers were misled about the trader\u2019s identity (<a href=\"https:\/\/uokik.gov.pl\/download\/15674\">UOKiK source<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Civil liability toward consumers may arise where the franchisor:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Was the actual party to the customer contract.<\/li>\n<li>Created a misleading impression about the trader\u2019s identity.<\/li>\n<li>Assumed specific customer obligations in its terms or through a network-wide guarantee.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Use two controlled response templates<\/h3>\n<p>The source\u2019s operating rule is to select the customer-service template using <strong>one formal criterion: whether the customer has supplied proof of payment<\/strong>\u2014not the tone or substance of the message. Apply the rule consistently. Template B also addresses reports about service quality.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Element<\/th>\n<th>Template A: proof of payment supplied<\/th>\n<th>Template B: no proof of payment, or a quality-related report<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Partner\u2019s status<\/td>\n<td>State that the partner was an independent business, contracted in its own name, on its own account and at its own risk, and received payments.<\/td>\n<td>Use the same status wording.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>End of relationship<\/td>\n<td>State that the franchise agreement has been terminated.<\/td>\n<td>Use the same wording.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Network\u2019s position<\/td>\n<td>State that the network was not a party to the customer contract and has no obligation to provide the service.<\/td>\n<td>State that the network is not in a position to assess the delivery or outcome of the partner\u2019s service.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Possible support<\/td>\n<td>If offered, define it strictly as goodwill, without acknowledging a claim or liability; limit its scope and set a deadline.<\/td>\n<td>Include a conditional paragraph about a support program only if one exists.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Empathy<\/td>\n<td>Include an empathetic sentence that does not admit liability.<\/td>\n<td>Do the same.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Partner\u2019s service quality<\/td>\n<td>Do not assess it.<\/td>\n<td>Do not assess it.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>For customer-service staff, the drafting rules are equally important:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Call the contact a <strong>\u201creport\u201d<\/strong> rather than a <strong>\u201ccomplaint\u201d<\/strong>: under the position set out here, dealing with complaints is the seller\u2019s responsibility, and the network was not the seller.<\/li>\n<li>Do not assess the partner\u2019s service or compare it with company-owned outlets.<\/li>\n<li>Do not apologize for the partner\u2019s services or state that the network supervised the outlet.<\/li>\n<li>Lock the template paragraphs on the partner\u2019s status and the grounds for declining responsibility so staff cannot edit or add to them.<\/li>\n<li>Set a cut-off date for accepting reports and specify a contact channel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>An employee\u2019s well-meant apology about service quality, coupled with a statement that the network controlled the outlet, can undo the intended position in a single response.<\/p>\n<h3>Keep customer-data use separate from the franchise exit<\/h3>\n<p>Ending the franchise does not itself entitle the network to take over the former partner\u2019s customer database. A <a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/publikacje\/twoje-dane-w-obcych-rekach-jak-bezpiecznie-powierzac-przetwarzanie-danych\/\">data processing agreement<\/a> under Article 28 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/PL\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504\">GDPR<\/a> does not authorize the franchisor to process those data for its own purposes.<\/p>\n<p>Contacting customers for the network\u2019s purposes requires a separate basis under Article 6(1) of the GDPR. Direct marketing through telecommunications channels additionally requires consent under Article 172(1) of the Polish Telecommunications Law.<\/p>\n<p>Before contacting customers, address three questions: Who is the data controller after termination? Is the network incorrectly relying on a processing agreement for its own purposes? Have the information requirements under Articles 13\u201314 of the GDPR been met on time?<\/p>\n<h2>Implementation checklist<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Priority<\/th>\n<th>Action<\/th>\n<th>Owner<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Separate the debt into four categories by legal basis.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer and CFO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Recalculate spreadsheet totals item by item.<\/td>\n<td>CFO and lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Remove items already included in the acknowledged balance.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Identify the applicable penalty clause for each alleged breach.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Assess a penalty for the documented practice, rather than automatically for each customer.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Set the claim cut-off date and expressly reserve specified later claims.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer and COO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Implement two customer-response templates using the formal selection criterion.<\/td>\n<td>Head of Customer Care and lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Lock template wording concerning the partner\u2019s status.<\/td>\n<td>IT and Head of Customer Care<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Urgent<\/td>\n<td>Check the promissory note declaration\u2019s scope.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Next<\/td>\n<td>Train customer service to use \u201creport,\u201d not \u201ccomplaint.\u201d<\/td>\n<td>HR and lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Next<\/td>\n<td>Update the agreement template\u2019s penalty references and rates.<\/td>\n<td>Lawyer and Development Director<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Next<\/td>\n<td>Define the evidence package required when cooperation ends.<\/td>\n<td>COO and lawyer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Improve the agreement before the next partner exit<\/h2>\n<p>A difficult settlement can reveal problems in the network\u2019s standard franchise agreement. At the next update, address:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Direct penalty references.<\/strong> Link each obligation intended to carry a contractual penalty to the specific penalty clause. Under the approach in the source, an obligation without that link provides no basis to charge the penalty.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Differentiated rates.<\/strong> Replace a single flat amount\u2014for example, PLN 20,000 for every breach\u2014with rates reflecting the seriousness of different breaches. This reduces the risk of a penalty being challenged as grossly excessive.<\/li>\n<li><strong>A documented exit procedure.<\/strong> Require sales-system extracts, appointment records, inspection documents, and handover records for premises and equipment when the relationship ends.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Customer-communication rules.<\/strong> Specify who informs customers about closure and how, and include a prohibition on the former partner contacting customers after termination.<\/li>\n<li><strong>An appropriately scoped promissory note declaration.<\/strong> Check that it covers franchise fees, contractual penalties, damages, replacement costs, and customer refunds.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Franchise remains an innominate contract in Poland. The Civil Code amendment approved in draft by the Council of Ministers in December 2023 contemplated, among other things, restrictions on contractual penalties and blank promissory notes used as security (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.pl\/web\/premier\/projekt-ustawy-o-zmianie-ustawy-kodeks-cywilny\">Polish government information<\/a>). As of the source article\u2019s publication, it had not been enacted. Until specific legislation enters into force, contractual penalties are governed by Articles 483\u2013484 of the Civil Code; termination is assessed against the particular agreement and the Civil Code\u2019s general provisions.<\/p>\n<h2>Bring the claim and the communications under control<\/h2>\n<p>The sequence matters: <strong>legal basis \u2192 recovery procedure \u2192 verified amount \u2192 demand \u2192 lawsuit<\/strong>. A wrong total, a duplicate item, or a penalty multiplied by customer can weaken recovery of sums that were otherwise justified.<\/p>\n<p>Run the customer-communications work in parallel. The network\u2019s position depends not only on who signed the customer contracts but also on what its website, marketing, and staff say about them.<\/p>\n<p>If your network is managing a partner exit in Poland\u2014or preparing for the next one\u2014<a href=\"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/kontakt\/\">contact us<\/a>. We help structure partner agreements, penalty clauses, promissory note declarations, exit procedures, and controlled customer-service templates.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Can we charge a contractual penalty for every customer served outside the system?<\/strong><br \/>\nYou can pursue that calculation, but it increases the risk of judicial reduction under Article 484 \u00a7 2 of the Civil Code. A separate charge for each customer can multiply the total and affect the penalty claim as a whole, including a correctly calculated portion. A more cautious starting point is one penalty for the documented practice, with further penalties expressly reserved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Will a blank promissory note speed up recovery?<\/strong><br \/>\nIt may enable faster and cheaper order-for-payment proceedings if the claim falls within the declaration\u2019s scope and you hold the original note and declaration. If the debtor objects, the court examines the underlying claim. An amount outside the declaration\u2019s scope cannot use the note for that excess, and the note does not protect against the former partner\u2019s personal bankruptcy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Must a franchisor honor prepaid packages sold at the partner\u2019s outlet?<\/strong><br \/>\nAs a rule, not if the franchisee contracted with the customer. Check the receipt, invoice, and sales terms. The network\u2019s own website, marketing, or customer-service responses can nevertheless create risk if they suggest that it was the contracting party or assumed customer obligations.<\/p>\n<p><strong>How do we deal with reports arriving months after closure?<\/strong><br \/>\nState in the demand which amounts were established by its cut-off date. Reserve identified categories of later claims, such as refunds, additional settlements, and penalties, then add later-established amounts in another letter or the court claim.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Can we use the former partner\u2019s customer list to offer services at our outlets?<\/strong><br \/>\nTermination alone does not transfer the right to use that database. Establish who controls the data and identify a separate basis under Article 6(1) of the GDPR for the network\u2019s purposes. A data processing agreement is not that basis; direct marketing through telecommunications channels additionally requires consent under Article 172(1) of the Polish Telecommunications Law.<\/p>\n<p><strong>What agreement changes will make the next settlement easier?<\/strong><br \/>\nStart with direct references between obligations and penalty clauses, penalty rates differentiated by breach, and a mandatory evidence package at exit. Also check that the promissory note declaration covers every intended category of claim.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how to verify debts and penalties after a Polish franchise exit, use a promissory note within its limits, and handle customer reports carefully.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","sip_alt_url":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/publikacje\/rozliczenie-bylego-franczyzobiorcy-roszczenia\/","sip_en_pl_url":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/en\/publikacje\/former-franchisee-debt-claims-customer-communication\/","sip_pair_uuid":"f2ec9a72-6bd6-47c5-a344-f6cfe8ad8e78","sip_pair_state":"verified"},"categories":[1],"tags":[1249,1240,1206,1243,1237],"specialization":[5],"practice_area":[],"class_list":["post-2810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-contract-law","tag-contractual-penalties","tag-gdpr","tag-internal-procedure","tag-personal-data-protection","specialization-contracts"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/14"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2810"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2811,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2810\/revisions\/2811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2810"},{"taxonomy":"specialization","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/specialization?post=2810"},{"taxonomy":"practice_area","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sawaryn.com\/us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/practice_area?post=2810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}